Switzerland Flag

Switzerland Flag

Switzerland Flag

Despite Switzerland's strategic position between France, Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein and Italy, throughout its history it has sought to withdraw from, rather than participate in, the power politics of Europe. In 1291, three territories - the 'Forest cantons' - Schwyz (which gave its name to the modern country), Uri and Unterwalden joined together in the Everlasting League to defend their liberty from the Holy Roman Empire. Other cantons subsequently joined the league (there are now 26) and although there was intense rivalry - and often war - between them, the league remained intact. Switzerland's complete independence was recognized by the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648. Having become a democratic federation in 1803, in 1815 the Congress of Vienna guaranteed Swiss neutrality, which is why it has since become the base for many international organizations, such as the Red Cross.

The Switzerland flag or Swiss flag (which, apart from the Vatican's, is the only square national flag) has been a national emblem since the 14th century and is based on the Schwyz canton's flag. Although the flags of individual cantons continue to be used, the white couped cross on a red field was accepted as the official flag of the Swiss Confederation in 1848. In 1889, the width-to-length ratio of the arms of the cross was altered to its present form.